![]() The critique has materialized under the new moniker of “self-preferencing.” It holds that antitrust should prohibit Internet platforms from favoring their own products and services, even if such prohibition improves consumer welfare. The Regulatory Framework of Self-PreferencingĪntitrust populists, in their desire to reduce the size of large companies and protect competitors-especially small businesses-rather than consumers, argue that Internet platforms should not be allowed to promote their own products and services. Toward a Useful Antitrust Distinction: Two Types of Self-Preferencing Why Self-Preferencing Is a Common Business Practice All rights reserved.How Self-Preferencing Has Gained Antitrust Prominence Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. Women with RA should be carefully monitored during pregnancy, especially if they have moderate to high disease activity or/and are treated with extensive anti-rheumatic treatment.Īnti-rheumatic treatment bDMARD disease activity oral corticosteroids pregnancy rheumatoid arthritis. Combination therapy, including biologics before pregnancy, was a marker of increased risk of both PTB and SGA.ĭuring pregnancy, disease activity rather than treatment seems to be the most important risk factor for PTB and SGA in RA. The corresponding figure for biologics was 1.38 (0.66-2.89). Use of oral CS (yes/no) during pregnancy resulted in an aOR of 2.11 (0.94-4.74) for PTB. We found increased aOR of PTB and SGA in RA-pregnancies vs control-pregnancies. Using logistic regression, we estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% CI for PTB and SGA overall and stratified by disease activity and anti-rheumatic treatment before and during pregnancy, adjusting for maternal characteristics. Disease activity (DAS28, CRP, HAQ score) and anti-rheumatic treatment 9 months before and during pregnancy were identified through CRR and prescribed drug registers. To explore the association of maternal RA to pregnancy outcomes, especially preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA), in relation to disease activity and anti-rheumatic treatment before and during pregnancy.īy linking prospective clinical rheumatology registers (CRR) in Sweden (the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register, SRQ) and Denmark (the Danish clinical quality register, DANBIO) with medical birth registers, we identified 1739 RA-pregnancies and 17 390 control-pregnancies (matched 1:10 on maternal age, birth year, parity) with delivery 2006-18. 10 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of Southern Norway Trust, Kristiansand, Norway.9 Department of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo.8 Centre for Rheumatology Research (ICEBIO), University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.7 Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.6 Department of Obstetrics, The Research Unit for Women's and Children's Health, The Juliane Marie Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen.5 Department of Obstetrics, The Juliane Marie Centre.4 Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen.3 Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre for Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.2 Department of Medicine Solna, Rheumatology, Theme Inflammation & Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.1 Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Insititutet.
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